SBP Handbook of Projects on Wastes: Treatment, Recycling, Recovery and Utilisation (Laser Print Only)

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About the Book - SBP Handbook of Projects on Wastes: Treatment, Recycling, Recovery and Utilisation (Laser Print Only)

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction •Waste Water •Solid Waste •Hazardous Wastes •Pollution •The Quality of the Air •Interrelationships Between Various Forms of Pollution •Water Reuse •Ch 2 Pollution Laws and Controlling Agencies •Pollution Control Laws •List of Polluting Industries •The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 •Functions of Central Board •Functions of State Board •The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 •The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 •Ch 3 standards and limits •Minas •Cement •Thermal Power •Iron & Steel •Fertilizer (Urea) •Nitric Acid •Sulphuric Acid •Aluminium •Calcium Carbide •Copper Lead and Zinc Smelting •Carbon Black •Fertiliser (Phosphatic) •Oil Refineries •Guidelines for Minimum Stack Height •Ambient Air Quality Standards •Minas for Waste Water Discharge •Ambient Air Quality Standards •Ch  4 characterisation and sources of waste •Liquid Waste •Origin •Destination          •Content — Phase of Liquid •Content — Physical Nature of Pollution •Biodegradable Wastes •Content — Chemical Nature of Pollution •Content — Quantity and Concentration of Pollutant •Content — Toxicity and Hazard •Toxic Agents •Sources of Waste •Ch  5 measurement and monitoring •Physical properties •Ch  6 treatment for liquid wastes •Conventional Sewage Treatment                •Pretreatment Processes •Settling or Clarification •Chemical Treatment •Biological Oxidation •Activated Sludge •Trickling Filters •Lagoon and Oxidation Ponds •Oxidation Ditch •Septic Tank •Imhoff Tank •Intermittent Sand Filters •Disinfection •Sludge Thickening, Conditioning and Disposal •Sludge Storage •Sludge Thickening •Sludge Digesters •Sludge Conditioning •Sludge Dewatering •Belt Filter Press •Chemical and Advanced Treatment Systems •Treatment of Individual Pollutants •Acidic Effluents •Alkaline Effluents •Ammonia Bearing •Biodegradable Wastes •Boron         •Chlorine •Chromium •Cyanide •Recovery of Cyanide•Emulsions Breaking •Fluoride Bearing Waste •Metal Salts in Acid Solution •Metal Separation and Recovery •Cadmium •Copper •Iron •Lead •Mercury •Nickel •Silver •Zinc •Oil, Grease, Wax and Immiscible Organics •Phenols •Phosphorus •Use of Pure Oxygen •Hydrolysis Absorption Process •Reverse Osmosis •Ultrafiltration •Ozonation •Activated Carbon Treatment •Ch  7 treatment of gaseous effluents •Grit, Dust and Fumes •Dry Inertial Separators •Wet Scrubbers  •Mists Separation •Filters •Electrostatic Precipitators •De-misters •Cyclone Separators •Electrostatic Precipitators •Condensation •Sulphur Dioxide •Hydrogen Chloride •Chlorine •Hydrogen Fluoride and Silicon Tetrafluoride •Ch 8 solid waste treatment •Landfill •Landfill Sites •Sites for Waste Processing Plants •Land Requirement •Accessibility •Hydrology •Cover Material •Site Preparation •Facilities•Operational Methods •Spreading and Compacting •Municipal Solid Waste •Incineration/Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) •Mass Burning •RDF •Composting •Biogas Recovery from Solid Waste •Ch  9 waste treatment and disposal equipment •Tractors •Investment •Incinerators •Incinerator Particulate Emission •Pumps •Centrifugal Pumps •Radial Flow Centrifugals •Axial- and Mixed-Flow Centrifugals •Applications    •Positive Displacement Pumps •Reciprocating Piston, Plunger and Diaphragm Pumps •Applications •Rotary Screw Pumps •Pneumatic Ejectors •Airlifts •Hand Cleaned Bar Screens •Mechanically Cleaned Bar Screens •Comminutors •Oscillating Cutter •Barminutor •Grit Removal •Grease Removal and Skimming Devices •Grease Traps and Grease Interceptors •Rotatable Slotted Pipe Skimmers •Clarification •Flotation •Full Flow Pressurization •Partial Flow Pressurization •Recycle Flow Pressurization •Ch 10 treatment of typical industrial wastes •Cotton & Synthetic Textile Wastes •Desizing •Desizing with Enzymes •Desizing by Grey Sour •Kiering •Bleaching •Mercerization       •Dyeing  •Direct Dyes •Basic Dyes •Vat Dyes •Sulphur Dyes •Naphthol Dyes •Developed Dyes •Dyeing of Yarn •Slashing Wastes •Desizing Wastes •Kier Wastes •Bleaching and Mercerizing Wastes •Dyeing Wastes •Printing Wastes •Finishing Wastes •Methods of Treatment and Disposal •Substitution of Process Chemicals •Treatment •Viscose Rayon Wastes •Carbon Disulphide Plant •Acid Plant •Alkaline Waste Streams •Acidic Wastes •Bleaching Process Wastes    •Miscellaneous  Wastes •Reduction of Waste Strength •Equalization of the Waste •Primary Treatment •Secondary Treatment •Fertilizer Plant Waste •Ammonia Production •Urea Production •Ammonium Sulphate Production •Ammonium Nitrate & Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Production •Nitric Acid and Sulphuric Acid Production •Ammonium Chloride Production •Phosphoric acid •Single Superphosphate •Triple Superphosphate •Ammonium Phosphate •Nitrophosphates •Effluents •Cooling Tower Blowdown •Boiler Blow Down •Ammonia Plant •Cooling Tower Blowdown •Boiler Blowdown •Superphosphate Plant •Blending Unit •Treatment Utilization and Disposal •Treatment for Specific Pollutants •Ammonia Nitrogen •Physico-Chemical Process •Steam Stripping •Ion Exchange •Biological Nitrification and Denitrification •Algal Uptake •Suspended Solids •Chromate and Phosphate •Cyanide •Sulphides •Cane Sugar Plant Waste •Manufacturing Processes •Crushing •Clarification of Juice •Evaporation •Byproducts •Bagasse •Press Mud or Press Cake •Molasses •Effluents •Sources •Methods of Treatment and Disposal •Waste Prevention at Source •Disposal on Land •Conventional Biological Treatment •Treatment in Lagoons or Stabilization Pond •Pulp and Paper Plant Wastes •Processes of Paper Manufacture •Pulping Processes •Stock Preparation •Paper Making •Methods of Treatment and Disposal •Biological Methods of Treatment •Anaerobic Digestion or Anaerobic Lagooning •Tanning Industry Wastes •Tanning Processes •Vegetable Tanning •Chrome Tanning •Soaking effluent •Liming Effluent •Unhairing and Fleshing Effluent •Deliming Effluent •Spent Bate Liquor •Spent Pickle Liquor •Vegetable Tanning Effluent •Chrome Tanning Effluent •Dyeing and Fat-Liquoring Effluent •Composite Effluent •Treatment and Disposal •Reduction of Water Usage in a Tannery •Recovery and Use of Byproducts •Process Changes for Reducing Pollutional Land •Segregation of Salt Laden Effluents •Primary Treatment •Chemical Treatment •Carbon Dioxide •Hydrogen Sulphide Removal •Secondary Biological Treatment •Trickling Filter •Activated Sludge Treatment •Aerated Lagoons •Elecroplating Industry Wastes •Processes of Metal Plating •Cyanide Concentrates •Other Plating Wastes •Other Forms of Waste •Cyanide Treatment •Chromates, Dichromates and Chromic Acid •Distillery Wastes •Processes in Distilleries •Effluents •Treatment, Utilization and Disposal •Irrigation on Land •Anaerobic Lagooning •Aerobic Processes •Trickling Filters •Activated Sludge Process •Steel Plant Waste •Processes in Integrated Steel Plant •Coal Washery •Steel Making •Finishing •Acid Pickling •Heat Treatment •Continuous Casting •Thermal Power Plant •Slag Plant •Effluent •Treatment Methods •Coal Washery Wastes •Dairy Wastes •Processes in Dairies •Milk Receiving Section •Pasteurization •Cheese Making •Butter, Butter Milk and Skim Milk •Ghee Making •Casein Making •Baby Food •Powdered Milk •Other Products •Effluents •Milk Receiving Section •Pasteurization Plant •Butter and Ghee Section •Cheese Section •Casein Plant •Bottle Washing Plant •Waste Reduction •Butter Milk •Casein •Treatment and Disposal •Screening •Grease Traps •Simple Settling •Chemical Coagulation •Equalization and Pre-Aeration •Trickling Filters •Activated Sludge •Oxidation Ditch •Aerated Lagoons •Anaerobic Lagoons •Stabilization Ponds •Ch  11 reclaimation and recycling of waste water •Reclaimation Methods •Salvageable Food Fractions •Recovery of Chemicals •Public Acceptance of Reclaimed Water •Recreational Purposes •Conservation Guide •Water Supply Supplement •Ch  12 composting• Methods of Composting •Indore Method •Bangalore Method •Modifications •Factors Controlling Microbiological Decomposition  •Chemical Nature of Raw Material •Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio •Moisture •Aeration •Temperature •Reaction •Microbial Patterns in Composting Systems •Occurrence of Microorganisms •Microbial Development in Relation to Temperature •Microbial Inoculants for Composting •Inorganic Additives in Improving Compost Quality •Ch  13 vermiculture •Earthworm •Vermi-Processing Facilities •Vermiculture in Wastewater Treatment •In BV Process •Vermiculture for Wasteland Development •Case Studies •Sugarcane Farming •Grape Farming •Vegetable Farming •Ch  14 recycling of rubber and plastics wastes •Collection •Separation •Float Sink Separation •Froth Flotation Separation •Primary Recycling Process •Secondary Recycling •Chemical Recycling •Pyrolysis •Hydrolysis •Hydrocracking •Depolymerization •Recycling of Rubber •Grinding •Fuel •Pyrolysis •Depolymerization •Ch  15 recycling of lube oil •Process of Manufacture •Refining Process •Acid Clay Process •Solvent Refining Process •Ch  16 recovery from wastes •Textile Wastes •Nonwoven Wastes •Storage Battery Waste •Lead Acid •SLI Batteries                •EV Batteries •Industrial Batteries •Excide’s Recycling Process (USA) •Recovery from Salt Industry Waste •Bittern •Recovering Chemicals from Bittern •Market of Bromine •Magnesium Compounds •Recovery of Bromine •Recovery of Magnesium Compound •Recovery of Magnesium Chloride •Magnesium Chloride from Sea Bitterns •Recovery of Potash •Recovery from Electroplating Process •Concentrate Non-return Methods •Treatment of Wastes not Containing Cyanides •Evaporative Recovery •Reverse Osmosis •Ultra-filtration •Electrolysis •Chemical Precipitation •Ch  17 utilisation of wastes •Fly Ash •Profile 1 — Fly Ash Building Bricks •Bagasse •Health factors •Profile 2 — Newsprint and Other Papers from Bagasse •Profile 3 — Medium Density Fibreboard •Waste Paper •Vacuum Washers •Lancaster Washer •Sidehill or Side-wire Washer •Pressure Washing •Flotation •Chemicals •Wet Strength Resins •Phosphogypsum                •Blast Furnace Slag •Maize Stocks •Acoustical Board                •Hard Board •Moulded Fibre Products •Profile 4 — Cashew and Shell Liquid •Profile 5 — Red Mud PVC Corrugated Sheet •Profile 6 — Phosphogypsum Plaster Board •Profile 7 — Sugar Cane Wax •Profile 8 — Activated Carbon •Profile 9 — Monosodium Glutamate •Profile 10 — Gelatine •Profile 11 — Polyester Chips from Polyester Waste •Profile 12 — Micronised Mica •Profile 13 — Plastic Waste Recycling •Profile 14 — Waste Lube Oil Refining •Profile 15 — Particle Board from Rice Husk •Profile 16 — Paraffin Wax from Slack Wax •Profile 17 — Cattle Feed from Sugar Cane Tops •Profile 18 — Tamarind Kernel Powder •Profile 19 — Ethyl Alcohol from Molasses •Profile 20 — Biofuel Briquetting •Profile 21 — Zinc Oxide from Zinc Dross •Profile 22 — Ossein and Di-calcium Phosphate •Profile 23 — Rubberized Coir Mattresses •Profile 24 — Bromine from Sea Bittern •Ch  18 bioremediation •Advantages of Bioremediation •Bioaugmentation or biostimulation •Type of Bioremediation •Soil Banking (Composting) •Windrow Composting •Slurry Processes •In Situ Technologies  •Bioremediate of Subsurface Material •Bioventing •Bioremediation of oil spills •Appendices 1. Glossary of Terms Relating to Water, Sewage and Industrial Effluents 2. Glossary of Terms Relating to Air Pollution 3. Pollution Control Boards 4. Manufacturers of Pollution Control Equipment